APPENDIX 7 WILDLIFE AND GEOLOGICAL SITES

EWTEssex Wildlife TrustCCoastal
NNRNational Nature ReserveGGrassland
cSACCandidate Special Area of ConservationGEGeological site (all are SSSIs)
SPASpecial Protection AreaFWFreshwater
SSSISite of Special Scientific InterestMMosaic (mix of habitats)
  WWoodland

IMPORTANT: The majority of these sites are privately owned. Inclusion of a site in the Plan does not imply that there is public access to it.

ALTHORNE

C1 Crouch and Roach Estuaries SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC (intertidal only), SSSI (1735.58ha) TQ 920970

The areas of saltmarsh and grazing-marsh and intertidal mudflats, which comprise the SSSI, are botanically and ornithologically of great importance, supporting a range of nationally scarce coastal plants, internationally important numbers of overwintering wildfowl and waders and several rare and/or vulnerable invertebrate species.

The characteristic plants typical of the saltmarshes are Sea Aster (Aster tripolium), Glasswort (Salicornia spp.), Annual Sea-blite (Suaeda maritima), Cord Grass (Spartina sp.), Sea-purslane (Halimione portulacoides), Sea Wormwood (Artemisia maritima), Saltmarsh-grasses (Puccinellia spp.), Sea-lavender (Limonium vulgare), Sea Arrow-grass (Triglochin maritima) and Thrift (Armeria maritima).

The grazing-marsh is characterised by grasses such as Creeping Bent-grass (Agrostis stolonifera), Ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) and Meadow Barley (Hordeum secalinum).

GE2 THE CLIFF GEOLOGICAL SSSI (4 HA) TQ 922976

Exposed geological formation, valuable for study of avian evolution and type locality for several fish species.

ASHELDHAM

M11 Asheldham Pits EWT Reserve (14.3 ha) TL 971015

Much of the old gravel workings have been taken over by dense Willow (Salix sp.) and Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) scrub. Grassy areas support an interesting flora, including Grass Vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia) and Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus). The lake is used by Great Crested Grebe and in winter the lake is home to a variety of wildfowl including Tufted Duck, Goldeneye and Snipe.

BRADWELL

M12 Bradwell Brook - Curry Farm EWT Reserve (2.0 ha) TL 996057

Curry Farm comprises of an area of unimproved grassland which contains herbs such as Lady's Bedstraw (Galium verum), Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) and MeadowVetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), and a plantation of mainly Cricket-bat Willow (Salix alba ssp. coerulea) over a sward of Reed Canary-grass (Phalaris arundinacea). This site is especially notable for its breeding and migrant moths.

C2 Blackwater Estuary, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC (intertidal only), part NNR, SSSI (822.1 ha) TL 940070

The Blackwater Estuary is one of the largest estuarine complexes in East Anglia. Its varied coastal habitats include the largest area of saltmarsh in Essex, mud flats, shingle and shell banks and off shore islands. The surrounding terrestrial habitats - sea wall, ancient grazing marsh, ditch systems and semi-improved grassland, add to the Estuary's conservation interest. 22 species of nationally scarce plants are present. The invertebrate fauna includes at least 16 Red Data Book species.

The estuarine muds provide for a great range of sea and shore birds, supporting over 40,000 waterfowl in winter, including internationally important numbers of brent geese, grey plover, dunlin and black-tailed godwit.

C3 Dengie, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC (intertidal only), part NNR, SSSI, EWT Reserve (17.9 ha) TM 045030

This site comprises saltmarsh, the largest continuous expanse of its type in Essex; foreshore, beach and seawall habitats that support an outstanding assemblage of rare coastal plants, including 11 nationally scarce species. The mudflats support all three species of Eelgrass (Zostera spp.), whilst among the typical saltmarsh plants Lax-flowered Sea-lavender (Limonium humile) and Shrubby Sea-blite (Suaeda vera) are of note. The invertebrate fauna includes Red Data Book species.

The Dengie supports over 25,000 waterfowl in winter, including internationally important numbers of dark-bellied brent geese, grey plover and knot.

This SINC includes the Bradwell Shell Bank and Saltings EWT reserve, which has important Twite and Corn Bunting populations.

G17 Sandbeach Meadows SSSI (30.0 ha) TM 021050 and TM 022057

These grasslands are virtually all that remains of the once extensive grazing marshes which formed the hinterland of the Dengie coastline. The meadows are dominated by Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), Cock's-foot (Dactylis glomerata), Ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Timothy (Phleum pratense) and Rough Meadow-grass (Poa trivialis) along with many herbs which include Grass Vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia) and Spotted Medick (Medicago arabica). The meadows support nationally important numbers of overwintering dark-belleied brent geese.

G18 Marsh House Seawall (3500.0 m) TRI 030053 to TM 027027 and TM 032060 to TM 033069

These old seawalls, now superseded and no longer on the coast, have a good flora of characteristic species, including Slender Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus tenuis).

G15 Bradwell Cemetery (0.7 ha) TM 007069

Managed under the auspices of the Essex Churchyards Conservation Group, parts of this cemetery are being left uncut in order to benefit wildlife. The grass sward displays a typical array of plants including Selfheal (Prunella vulgaris) and Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria) but present, also, is Lesser Calamint (Calamintha nepeta), a species with a limited distribution both in Essex and nationally.

BURNHAM-ON-CROUCH

C1 Crouch and Roach Estuaries SPA, Ramsar Site, Part of Essex Estuaries cSAC (intertidal only), SSSI (1735.58ha) TQ 920970 (see Althorne)

C3 Dengie, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC (intertidal only), part NNR, SSSI, EWT Reserve (17.9 ha) TM 045030 (see Bradwell).

GE2 THE CLIFF GEOLOGICAL SSSI (4 HA) TQ 922976 (SEE ALTHORNE).

DENGIE

C3 Dengie, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only), part NNR, SSSI, EWT Reserve (17.9 ha) TM 045030 (see Bradwell)

G16 Bridgwick Marshes (12.8 ha) TR 014995

These relict coastal marshes have a characteristic flora of Meadow Barley (Hordeum secalinum), Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Parsley Water-dropwort (Oenanthe lachenalii) and Sea Club-rush (Scirpus maritimus).

GOLDHANGER

C2 Blackwater, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR, (822.1 ha) TL 940070 (see Bradwell)

GREAT BRAXTED

W31 West Hall Wood Complex (17.6 ha) TL 855139

West Hall Wood

Large areas of West Hall Wood have been replanted with blocks of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) with the remaining broadleaved trees confined to ride edges and the perimeter of the wood. These margins are dominated by Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) whilst Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Turkey Oak (Quercus cerris), Silver Birch (Betula pendula) and Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) are also present together with other shrubs. Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) occurs in abundance, but the ground flora is generally limited due to the shading of the coniferous stands, thus making replacement with native broadleaved species a high conservation management priority.

Criers Wood

Criers Wood comprises Pedunculate Oak standards and Hornbeam coppice withBracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and Bramble forming the dominant ground cover.Other species include Wood Sage (Teucrium scorodonia) and Lesser Stitchwort(Stellaria graminea).

W35 Kelvedon Hall Wood (12.5 ha) TL 860169

This ancient wood has been extensively replanted with conifers such as Lawson Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), Norway Spruce (Picea abies) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris). Native tree species present are Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Silver Birch (Betula pendula). A relatively poor ground flora is dominated by Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta). Replacement of conifers by native broadleaved species would greatly benefit the flora and increase the wildlife value of this site.

W39 Pundicts Wood (2.0 ha) TL 866152

Pundicts Hill Wood adjoins the south of Tiptree Wood. Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) dominate the dense canopy which results in a moderate ground flora, with typical species including Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), Dog's Mercury (Mercurialis perennis) and Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)

W40 Tiptree Wood (12.9 ha) TL 867156

Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) and Turkey Oak (Quercus Cerris) along with Corsican Pine (Pinus nigra ssp. maritima) form the main canopy cover of the two portions of this wood. Accompanying abundant Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) in the ground flora are Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Dog's Mercury (Mercurialis perennis).

W42 Howbridges Wood (2.5 ha) TL 872157

The western half of this wood has been grubbed out, with the remaining area consisting of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Field Maple (Acer campestre) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) dominates the ground flora, but also present are Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus uliginosus) and Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea).

W43 New Wood (2.0 ha) TL 873164

New Wood straddles the boundary of Maldon District and Colchester Borough, with the greater proportion lying in the latter. The Maldon section consists of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards and Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice. The presence of Midland Hawthorn Crataegus laevigata) is of note. The ground flora has Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) in abundance.

M6 Mason's Plantation (2.9 ha) TL 851160

This site comprises a plantation of Poplar (Populus sp.) and Willow (Salix sp.) surrounding a sedge-marsh dominated by Greater Pond-sedge (Carex riparia), Reedmace (Typha latifolia), Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) and Bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara).

FW1 Braxted Park Lakes (9.3 ha) TL 852155

This site incorporates Braxted Park lakes and associated parkland. The main ornamental lake has a well developed marginal vegetation including Reedmace (Typha latifolia), Greater Pond-sedge (Carex riparia) and Yellow Irisi (Iris pseudacorus). The parkland comprises mown grassland under a scattered tree canopy that includes native and introduced species.

GREAT TOTHAM

Ge4 Lofts Farm Pit Geological SSSI (4.54 ha) TL 864091

The deposits are geologically important evidence of the quaternary evolution of the Thames River System.

7

W30 Middle Wood (4.2 ha) TL 854101

No information is currently available for this ancient wood.

W32 Heybridge Wood (12.1 ha) TL 856090

Whilst the southern half of this wood has mainly been replanted with conifers the northern part retains a predominantly broadleaved composition. The canopy here comprises Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) with Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) beneath. The scrubby undergrowth includes Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) in the ground layer.

W33 Bog Grove (2.4 ha) TL 859111

Bog Grove comprises Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Hazel (Corylus avellana), Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and Wild Cherry (Prunus avium) in a mixed canopy. The ground flora includes Horsetail (Equisetum sp.), Pendulous Sedge (Carex pendula), Yellow Pimpernel (Lysimachia nemorum), Scaly Male Fern (Dryopteris pseudomas), Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Bugle (Ajuga reptans).

W34 Strowling Wood (20.0 ha) TL 859139

Strowling Wood comprises Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards with Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice shading a Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) dominant ground cover. Storm damage has affected the northern and western edges. Little other information is currently available.

W36 Mountains Grove (11.0 ha) TL 861127

The majority of Mountains Grove is of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) - Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) composition with occasional Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) dominate the ground cover.

W37 South Wood (31.2 ha) TL 862104

South Wood consists mainly of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice, Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) with planted Larch (Larix decidua) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris). Other tree species include Silver Birch (Betula pendula), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and Field Maple (Acer campestre). The ground flora comprises mainly Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and Nettle (Urtica dioica). Other species of ground flora found throughout the wood include Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) and Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana).

W38 Spickets Wood (1.2 ha) TL 863117

This ancient wood contains Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) standards and some Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) coppice. The typical ground flora consists of Bramble (Rubus fruticosus), Ivy (Hedera helix) and occasional Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta).

W28 Captains Wood (17.4 ha) TL 853108

Replanting with Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) has occurred throughout much of this ancient wood. Remnant broadleaved species include Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Small-leaved Lime (Tilia cordata), Silver Birch (Betula pendula) and Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). A relatively species-poor ground flora, though including abundant Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), would be greatly benefited by the removal of conifers in favour of native broadleaved species.

M8 Chigborough Lakes EWT Reserve (18.6 ha) TL 877086

Chigborough Lakes form a complex habitat consisting of numerous lakes, ponds, boggy areas, willow swamp, scrub and rough grassland. This site provides for a diverse flora including Common Spotted Orchid (Dactylorhiza fuschii), Southern Marsh Orchid (Dactylorhiza praetermissa), Grass Vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia), Blue Fleabane (Erigeron acer) and Sneezewort (Achillea ptarmica). A fine aquatic flora is developing, with both Greater Pond-sedge (Carex riparia) and Marsh Horsetail (Equisetum palustre) covering large areas.

Breeding birds include Great Crested Grebe, Dabchick, Tufted Duck, Coot, Sedge and Reed Warblers and Whitethroat. In winter the lakes attract a number of other duck species, Gadwall and Pochard being the most numerous. Other visitors at this season are Water-rail, Snipe, Hen-harrier and Long-eared Owl.

HAZELEIGH

W16 Hazeleigh Hall Wood (32.9 ha) TL 834042

This ancient coppice of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and Hazel (Corylus avellana) with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards also includes Wild Service Tree (Sorbus torminalis) in the sub-canopy, over a ground flora typified by Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Wood Millet (Milium effusum).

G8 Bury Farm Field (4.5 ha) TL 845037

This field is a floristically rich site of particular note for the large population of Green-winged Orchid (Orchis morio), a scarce Essex plant which has undergone a serious decline due to loss of habitat. Other species include Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), Common Sedge (Carex nigra) and Crested Dog's-tail (Cynosurus cristatus).

M3 Maldon Wick EWT Reserve (7.7 ha) TL 842057

This reserve consists of one and a half miles of abandoned railway line, now a mosaic of grassland and scrub of particular value for its butterfly populations, with 28 recorded species including Purple Hairstreak and White-letter Hairstreak. Plants of interest include Sweet Violet (viola odorata), Primrose (Primula vulgaris) and Moschatel (Adoxa moschatellina).

HEYBRIDGE

C2 Blackwater Estuary, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR (822.1 ha) TL 940070 (see Bradwell)

FW2 Heybridge Hall Lake (48.5 ha) TL 865070

The lake is situated south of the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation canal. Partly enclosed by seawalls it forms an extensive open water habitat of particular value to resting coastal birds, being a quiet water haven adjacent to the Blackwater Estuary. There are a few patches of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) and Reedmace (Typha Latifolia).

M5 North Maldon Disused Railway (2.0 ha) TL 849080

This site comprises the disused Maldon to Witham railway embankment and the pond within the junction triangle. The marginal vegetation around the pond is sedge and reed dominated. Lesser Reedmace (Typha anagustifolia) and Greater Pond-sedge (Carex riparia) are present. The adjoining section of railway embankment is bounded by tree and shrub vegetation, especially Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna). The ground flora includes Lesser Calamint (Calamintha nepeta), Field Scabious (knautia arvensis) and Lady's Bedstraw (Galium verum).

M7 Heybridge Creek (2.3 ha) TL 857077

This creek, now cut off by a seawall and no longer tidal, supports a large bed of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) with, also, Sea Club-rush (Scirpus maritimus) and Reedmace (Typha latifolia). Interest includes Sweet Violet (Viola odorata), Primrose (Primula vulgaris) and Moschatel (Adoxa moschatellina).

LANGFORD

G6 Chelmer/Blackwater Meadows (4.8 ha) TY 838087

Langford Cut consists of a varied grass and herb mix which includes Ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Creeping Bent-grass (Agrostis stolonifera), Common Bent-grass (Agrostis capillaris), Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), Yorkshire Fog (Holcus lanatus) with Lady's Bedstraw (Galium verum), Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria). This site represents an important component of a Chelmer Navigation wildlife corridor.

W24 Eastland Wood (24.5 ha) TL 844107

Eastland Wood is a mixture of planted Poplar (Populus sp.) and Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziessi) with native coppice Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards. The ground flora includes Primrose (Primula vulgaris), Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) and Yellow Pimpernel (Lysimachia nemorum).

W25 Maypole Wood (8.6 ha) TL 847107

Maypole Wood has been largely planted with conifers interspersed with Birch (Betula sp). Nettle (Urtica dioica) and Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) are the most common plants in this ancient wood. The ground flora and wildlife in general would be greatly benefitted by a replacement of conifers by native broadleaved species.

LATCHINGDON

C1 Crouch and Roach Estuaries SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC (intertidal only), SSSI (1735.58ha) TQ 920970 (see Althome)

G11 Stamfords Farm (54.5 ha) TQ 885980

This site comprises old grassland and hedges with coastal marsh, which is of great wildlife interest.

LITTLE BRAXTED

W27 Shut Heath Wood EWT Reserve (20 ha) TL 852133

Reserve comprises 9ha of ancient woodland and 11ha of arable land. Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) forms the main canopy cover with occasional Silver Birch (Betula pendula) and Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), whilst Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), Hazel (Corylus avellana) and Elder (Sambucus nigra) forming the shrub layer canopy. Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) form the main ground cover along with Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta).

LITTLE TOTHAM

M8 Chigborough Lakes EWT Reserve (18.6 ha) TL 877086

Chigborough Lakes form a complex habitat consisting of rough grassland. This site provides for a diverse flora including common Spotted Orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii), Southern Marsh Orchid (Dactylorhiza praetermissa), Grass Vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia), Blue Fleabane (Erigeron acer) and Sneezewort (Achillea ptarmica). A fine aquatic flora is developing, with both Greater Pond-sedge (Carex riparia) and Marsh Horsetail (Equisetum palustre) covering large areas.

Breeding birds include Great Crested Grebe, Dabchic, Tufted Duck, Coot, Sedge and Reed Warblers and Whitethroat. In winter the lakes attract a number of other duck species, Gadwall and Pochard being the most numerous. Other visitors at this season are Water-rail, Snipe, Hen-harrier and Long-eared Owl.

MALDON

C2 Blackwater Estuary, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR, SSSI (822.1 ha) TL 940070 (see Bradwell)

M3 Maldon Wick EWT Reserve (7.7 ha) TL 842057 (see Hazeleigh)

M4 Beeleigh Abbey (2.8 ha) TL 842077

This site comprises intertidal beds of Common Reed (Phragmites australis), grassland at the tidal limit, dry grassland with hedges and a small pond. The marshy pond supports Marsh Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus), Fine-leaved water-dropwort (Oenanthe aquatica), Water Dock (Rumex hydrolapathum) and Bog Stitchwort (Stellaria alsine). The more freely draining turf is dominated by Crested Dog's-tail (Cynosurus cristatus) with Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and typicalgrassland herbs.

G6 Chelmer/Blackwater Meadows (4.8 ha) TY 838087 (see Langford)

G10 Viaduct Meadow (2.5 ha) TL 847076

As a riverside flood-meadow which is still regularly inundated, this site represents a scarce and ever-declining habitat which is of importance for feeding and resting birds. The sward has a diverse range of grasses, such as Marsh Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus), Meadow Foxtail (A. pratensis), Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), Tufted Hair-grass (Deschampsia cespitosa), Meadow Barley (Hordeum secalinum), Rough Meadow-grass (Poa trivialis) and Yorkshire Fog (Holcus lanatus).

G21 Maldon Wycke Meadow EWT reserve TQ 841055 (2.5ha)

This site is adjacent to Maldon Wick EWT reserve (M3). The meadow's vegetation has appeared naturally since arable cultivation was abandoned. Grass vetchling, common centaury and common fleabane have been recorded. Trees have started to colonise including silver birch, ash, oaks and willow. The northern bund has been planted with additional shrubs and the pond contains some introduced native plants. The pond attracts a number of dragonflies including emperor, ruddy darter, four-spotted chaser and black-tailed skimmer. Brown argus butterflies and green woodpeckers have also been recorded.

Ge1 Maldon Cutting Geological SSSI (0.1 ha) TL 842068

This former railway cutting provides a rare stratigraphical site in the Pleistocene sequence of Essex. Type site for Maldon Till.

MAYLAND

M9 Nipsells Chase Scrub (9.7 ha) TL 909027

This abandoned orchard now comprises very dense Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) scrub, grassland and a central pond with a Fine-leaved Water-dropwort (Oenanthe aquatica). Such a large expanse of scrub, with linear grassland strips, represents an excellent habitat for birds, providing good cover for resident breeding species and an autumnal food supply prior to migration or overwintering.

C2 Blackwater Estuary SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR, SSSI (822.1 ha) TL 940070 (see Bradwell)

MUNDON

W41 Mundon Furze (11.9 ha) TL 869023

This wood is of Oak-Ash composition with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) dominating the northern half. Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) covers most of the ground layer, with small wet areas supporting Pendulous Sedge (Carex pendula) and Soft rush (Juncus effusus). Several houses are being constructed in the southern part of this ancient wood.

C2 Blackwater Estuary, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR, SSSI (822.1 ha) TL 940070 (see Bradwell)

NORTH FAMBRIDGE

C1 Crouch and Roach Estuaries SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) SSSI (1735.58ha) TQ 920970 (see Althorne)

G9 Brookmead Grove Meadow (0.8 ha) TQ 846988

This site is floristically rich with grass species including Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), Crested Dog's-tail (Cynosurus cristatus) and Yorkshire Fog (Holcuslanatus). Grass Vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia) and Betony (Stachys officinalis) are of interest among the herbs.

G19 Blue House Farm EWT reserve (see also C1) TQ 856971

G19 represent grassland and arable areas of the EWT reserve that lie outside River Crouch Marshes SSSI (Wildlife Site C1). These areas are included in the list of Wildlife Sites as they form part of a larger nature reserve. Blue House Farm is a 240ha working farm of coastal grazing marsh, pasture and arable land.

W29 North Fambridge Hall Wood EWT reserve (3.2 ha) TQ 854986

Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) is dominant in this ancient wood, with some Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and English Elm (Ulmus procera), peripheral Field Maple (Acer campestre) and Spindle (Euonymus europaeus). Amongst the ground flora are Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) and Stinking Iris (Iris foetidissima). There is a large rookery and nesting Herons regularly use the wood.

W26 Hall Wood, West (6.2 ha) TQ 852987

The eastern section of this wood is an Essex Wildlife Trust reserve (W29). The remainder of this ancient wood, described here, comprises Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) standards over a ground flora dominated by Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) scrub.

PURLEIGH

G7 Farther Howe Green (2.5 ha) TL 842012

This common land village green is moderately species-rich, floristically, with Pepper Saxifrage (Silaum silaus) and Lady's Bedstraw (Galium verum) being of interest. Ancient turf of this type is a rare habitat in Essex.

W5 Squeaking-gate Wood (7.8 ha) TL 806016

This is an ancient Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice wood with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards. Little other information is currently available.

W6 Great Wood, Purleigh (7.8 ha) TL 812016

This ancient wood has been partially grubbed, leaving only a boundary of tree standards. The remaining area of wood is predominantly Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) standards. The ground flora, largely over-topped by Bramble (Rubus fruticosus), includes Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Wood Millet (Milium effusum)

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W11 Kent Wood (15.6 ha) TL 824030

This is a variable wood with dense, scrubby areas and more open vegetation under Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards. The ground flora includes Wood Millet (Milium effusum) and Wood Melick (Melica uniflora), both ancient woodland grasses.

W19 Howe Wood (2.0ha) TL 837012

Coppice Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards dominate the canopy of Howe Wood, over a relatively sparse ground flora with Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Wood Millet (Milium effusum) amongst Bramble (Rubus fruticosus).

W8 Cank Wood (3.4 ha) TL 814009

This ancient wood of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and Silver Birch (Betula pendula) has a ground flora typical of the Hornbeam coppice woods of the area, being generally sparse and dominated by Bramble (Rubus fruticosus).

W9 Charity Lane (Strawberry Hall Lane) (800m) TL 815012

This wooded Green Lane comprises mixed hedges of mainly Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and English Elm (Ulmus procera). The varied ground flora is of a woodland type with Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Wood Millet (Milium effusum) being typical species. This lane provides a valuable woodland wildlife corridor between Cank Wood (W8) and Great Wood (W6).

C1 Crouch and Roach Estuaries SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (Intertidal only) SSSI (1735.58ha) TQ 920970 (see Althorne)

W3 Hyde Woods (30.3 ha) TL 804040

Hyde Wood is an ancient Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea) coppice-with-standards wood with some Sweet Chestnut (Castanea saliva). The ground flora includes Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Climbing Corydalis (Corydalis claviculata).

W51 Rookery Grove (2.2ha) TL 840025

This small woodland is not listed on English Nature's Ancient Woodland inventory, but contains a number of indicator species that would suggest that it is likely to be of ancient origin. There is also strong evidence that it has been recorded on maps over the last 400 years. There is a mix of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice together with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) standards. The ancient origin is further confirmed by the presence of Wild Service Tree (Sorbus torminalis), while the ground flora includes Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta).

SAINT LAWRENCE

C2 Blackwater Estuary, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR, SSSI (822.1 ha) TL 940070 (see Bradwell)

SOUTHMINSTER

C3 Dengie, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR, SSSI, EWT Reserve (17.9 ha) TM 045030 (see Bradwell)

M10 Goldsands Road Pits and Lakes (11.9 ha) TQ 962988

Former sand and gravel extraction has created a complex and varied habitat. Surrounding the various water bodies, areas of scrub have developed whilst marginal vegetation such as Reedmace (Typha spp.) and Common Reed (Phragmites australis) provide cover for waterfowl. This site includes a geological SSSI (Ge3).

G16 Bridgwick Marshes (12.8 ha) TR 014995

These relic coastal marshes have a characteristic flora of Meadow Barley (Hordeum secalinum), Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Parsley Water-dropwort (Oenanthe lachenalii) and Sea Club-rush (Scirpus maritimus).

Ge3 Goldsands Road Pit Geological SSSI (1.3ha) TQ 960990

This site provides a valuable section in the "East Essex Gravels," providing the earliest proof for the presence of the Thames in the area.

STEEPLE

G14 Sun and Anchor Meadow (2.8 ha) TL 936031

This herb-rich meadow includes Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), Crested Dog's-tail (Cynosurus cristatus) and Grass Vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia) and represents one of the few relatively unimproved grasslands on the Dengie.

C2 Blackwater Estuary, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR, SSSI (822.1 ha) TL 940070 (see Bradwell)

STOW MARIES

M2 Stow Maries Halt EWT Reserve (2.4 ha) TQ 835991

The site includes the former Stow Maries Halt on the disused Maldon to Woodham Ferrers railway line and the adjoining meadow. The embankment consists mainly of Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) scrub with occasional Privet (Ligustrum vulgare). The ground flora includes Sweet Violet (Viola odorata) and cypress Spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias), whilst four species of fern - Wall Rue (Asplenium ruta-muraria), Maidenhair Spleenwort (Asplenium trichomanes), Black Spleenwort (Asplenium adiantum-nigrum) and Hart's-tongue (Phyllitis scolopendrium) grow in the mortar of the bridge. This reserve's interest is enhanced by the presence of Glow-worms.

W22 Pantile Wood (3.6 ha) TQ 839992

Most of this wood has been replanted with Poplars (Populus sp.) with a few interspersed Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior). Little other information is available.

W10 Hawes Wood (917 ha) (9.17 ha) TQ 818995

Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) form the canopy of Hawes Wood, whilst the understorey includes Hawthorn (Crateagus monogyna), Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) with much Bracken (Pteridium aquifolinum) and abundant Nettle (Urticn dioica) in the ground flora. This wood is also protected by Tree Preservation Order 10/58.

G3 Hawes Wood Meadow (5.2 ha) TQ 823994

This hillside site consists of two adjoining meadows comprising grassland and scattered scrub. Grasses present include Crested Dog's-tail (Cynosurus cristatus) and Meadow Barley (Hordeum secalinum), whilst herbs of interest include Grass Vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia) and Dyer's Greenweed (Genista tinctoria).

C1 Crouch and Roach Estuaries SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) SSSI (1735.58ha) TQ 920970 (see Althorne)

W13 Canney Wood (4.6 ha) TQ 828998

Canney Wood is mainly Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) standards. The ground flora beneath the Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) understorey is generally sparse, but does include Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), Wood Millet (Milium effusum) and Three-venined Sandwort (Moehringia trinervia). A small cleared area is now dominated by ruderal species, mainly Rosebay Willowherb (Chamaenerion angustifolium).

TILLINGHAM

G17 Sandbeach Meadows SSSI (30.0ha) TL 021050 and TM 022057 (see Bradwell)

G18 Marsh House Seawall (3500.0 metres) TM 030053 to TM 027027 and TM 032060 to TM 033069 (see Bradwell)

FW3 Reddings Lake (6.2 ha) TL 985035

An old sand and gravel extraction site near Tillingham has been flooded to create a large lake approximately 0.5 km long. Marginal vegetation consists mainly of Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Reedmace (Typha sp.) and Greater Willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum). The surrounding vegetation comprises scattered patches of Willow (Salix sp.) and Gorse (Ulex europaeus). As one of few open water sites on the Dengie, this lake provides a valuable habitat for birds.

C3 Dengie, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR, SSSI, EWT Reserve (17.9 ha) TM 045030 (see Bradwell)

M13 Marshhouse Decoy Pond (4.8 ha) TM 019042

This site, lying towards the end of the Dengie peninsula, is one of the few remaining decoy ponds in Essex. Additionally, this pond, being surrounded by a small plantation, provides the only area of wooded habitat in amongst the predominantly arable landscape of the Bradwell and Tillingham marshes and as such is of importance as a wildlife haven for birds and invertebrates.

TOLLESBURY

C2 Blackwater Estuary, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, part NNR, SSSI (822.1 ha) TL 940070 (see Bradwell)

TOLLESHUNT D'ARCY

C2 Blackwater Estuary, SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR, SSSI (822.1 ha) TL 940070 (see Bradwell)

W44 High Hall Wood (3.1 ha) TL 906136

Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice is accompanied by Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and, uncommonly for this region, Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea). English Elm (Ulmus procera) and Field Maple (Acer campestre) also occur along with planted coniferous species.

W45 Scotts Grove (2.4 ha) TL 908128

The composition of this wood is primarily Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), with an understorey of Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and occasional Elder (Sambucus nigra). Amongst a Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) - dominated ground cover, Marsh Cudweel (Gnaphalium uliginosum) is of interest.

G20 Tollesbury Wick EWT reserve (see also C2) TL 970100

G20 represents two small grassland areas of the EWT nature reserve that lie outside Wildlife Site C2. These areas are included in the list of Wildlife Sites as they form part of a larger nature reserve. Tollesbury Wick nature reserve is an example of a freshwater grazing marsh. It total it comprises 240 ha of rough pasture, borrowdykes, sea walls, wet flushes, pools and saltmarsh.

TOLLESHUNT KNIGHTS

W48 Green Lane, Paternoster Heath (600.0 metres) TL 915156

This lane is bounded by generally tall hedges with a wide variety of species, such as Field Maple (Acer campestre), Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), Midland Hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata), Wild Service Tree (Sorbus torminalis), Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and Sessile Oak (Quercus robur). The ground flora includes Butcher's Broom (Ruscus aculeatus), Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria), Primrose (Primula vulgaris), Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Marsh Thistle (Cirsium palustre).

W49 Wigborough Springs (3.4 ha) TL 924146

Wigborough Springs comprises two separate blocks of woodland. The western section is broadleaved wood consisting of Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea), Elm (Ulmus sp.),.Field Maple (Acer campestre) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior). Frequent Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) with Primrose (Primula vulgaris) and Butcher's Broom (Ruscus aculeatus) occur in the ground layer.

The eastern section comprises both Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Sessile Oak, Ash, Yew (Taxus baccata), Hazel (Corylus avellana), Field Maple), Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris). Bramble (Rubus fruticosus), Nettle (Urtica dioica) and Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) are all abundant in the ground vegetation, which also includes Dog's Mercury (Mercurialis perennis).

W50 Long Wood (6.3 ha) TL 925155

Only a small part of this large wood lies within Maldon District. Young and old Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice is interspersed with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards. The ground flora includes Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) and Wood Sage (Teucrium scorodonia) amongst other species typical of generally freely-draining acid soils.

W47 Oaklands Park Wood (5.7 ha) TL 915154

The site is dominated by Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) but also includes Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and Wild Service Tree (Sorbus torminalis). The ground flora includes Butcher's Broom (Ruscus aculeatus), Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana) and Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum).

G12 Oaklands Park Meadow (5.7 ha) TL 915155

This meadow has a varied mix of grasses, including Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), Yellow Oat-grass (Trisetum flavescens) and Yorkshire Fog (Holcus lanatus). Amongst the herbs present are Grass Vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia) and Common Centaury (Centaurium erthyraea).

G13 Oxley Meadow EWT Reserve (4.8 ha) TL 918149

This reserve consists of two hay meadows, the larger being surrounded by wide luxuriant hedgerows with a number of mature trees. Green-winged Orchid (Orchis morio) and Adder's-tongue Fern (Ophioglossum vulgatum) occur in large numbers, scattered across both meadows. The hedgerows provide nesting sites for a variety of birds.

TOLLESHUNT MAJOR

C2 Blackwater Estuary SPA, Ramsar Site, part of Essex Estuaries cSAC, (intertidal only) part NNR, SSSI (822.1 ha) TL 940070 (see Bradwell)

W46 Great Wood, Tolleshunt Major (1.9 ha) TL 909118

Great Wood is a small copse of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) and Hazel (Corylus avellana) present on the periphery. The very dense canopy precludes the growth of much ground flora, however Common Cow-wheat (Melampyrum pratense) is of particular note. A resumption of coppicing would stimulate the ground flora growth.

ULTING

W2 Wick/Fairwinds Woods (9.4 .ha) TL 800098

This area of woodland contains a wide variety of tree species, including Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice, Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Silver Birch (Betula pendula) and Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus). Willows (Salix spp.) and Birch dominate around several ponds, whilst Alder (Alnus glutinosa) occupies the wetter areas. The ground flora includes Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and climbing Corydalis (Corydalis claviculata)

.

WICKHAM BISHOPS

W17 Likelywood (8.4 ha) TL 836112

Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice and Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards characterise this wood, amongst which replanting with conifers has occurred. The ground vegetation is richest under the broadleaved canopy and includes a carpet of Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) with Red Campion (Silene dioica).

W18 Grove Wood (1.9 ha) TL 836128

Grove Wood comprises Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards, some Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) as old coppice and young Hazel (Corylus avellana). The ground flora is sparse, though Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Dog'sMercury (Mercurialis perennis) are abundant.

W20 Mope Wood (5.7 ha) TL 837127

Mope Wood comprises a streamside Alder (Alnus glutinosa) carr with Pendulous Sedge (Carex pendula) and Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), flanked by Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) on drier ground. The ground flora here includes Wood Melick (Melica uniflora), Dog's Mercury (Mercurialis perennis) and Butcher's Broom (Ruscus aculeatus). Much of the centre of this wood has become the grounds of a large modern house.

W21 Mope Wood North (2.0 ha) TL 838129

This recent wood is dominated by maturing Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards over a ground flora typified by Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) and Bramble (Rubus fruticosus), forming a natural extension to the ancient Mope Wood to the south.

W15 Sparkey Wood (18.1 ha) TL 831125

Sparkey Wood contains Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice and Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards with Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Holly (Ilex aquifolium) in places. Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), Wood Anemone (Anemone nemorosa) and Primrose (Primula vulgaris) occur amongst the ground flora.

G5 River Blackwater Plantation Grasslands (26.0 ha) TL 826123

This SINC comprises grassland and plantations along the River Blackwater, forming an important riverine wildlife corridor along the Maldon/Braintree boundary. The grasslands are remnant plantations of Cricket-bat Willows (Salix alba ssp. coerulea) of which only a scattered canopy remains. Beneath the willows the sward includes Rough Meadow-grass (Poa trivialis), Cock's-foot (Dactylis glomerata) and Timothy (Phleum pratense).

W23 Chantry Wood (42.9 ha) TL 842129

Chantry Wood comprises stands of coniferous and broadleaved trees. Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Sweet Chestnut (Castanea saliva) have been planted, whilst other species present include Silver Birch (Betula pendula), Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Wild Cherry (Prunus avium). The ground flora throughout the wood is rather sparse and includes only occasional Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), Dog's Mercury (Mercuriatis perennis) and Wood Sage (Teucrium scorodonia).

G4 Wickham Place Meadows (2.6ha) TL 825117

Wickham Place Meadows lie either side of the former Maldon to Witham railway line. These cattle grazed meadows have a varied flora, including Lady's Smock (Cardamine pratensis), Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus uliginosus) and Scullcap(Scutellaria galericulata).

WOODHAM MORTIMER

W4 Thrift Wood (26.0 ha) TL 805055

Situated to the east of the Danbury ridge, Thrift Wood consists of coppiced Sweet Chestnut (Castanea saliva) and Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards on the margins. The ground flora includes Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), Climbing Corydalis (Corydalis claviculata) and Wood Sorrel (Oxalis acetosella).

W12 Parsonage Wood (8.8 ha) TL 824047

Parsonage Wood comprises Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice with Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards. The ground flora of this ancient wood is flourishing in a number of open areas with typical species including Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), Wood Melick (Melica uniflora), Wood Millet (Milium effusum) and Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana).

G1 Gay Bowers/Woodham Mortimer Special Roadside Verge (500m) TL 804045 to TL 808047

The flora of this road verge includes Lesser Calamint (Calamintha nepeta).

WOODHAM WALTER

W1 Woodham Walter Common SSSI (33.3 ha) TL 791068

The area includes ancient Pedunculate Oak/Hornbeam woodland, Sessile Oak woodland on former heathland and stream valleys. This range of habitats supports a diverse flora and fauna, including a number of uncommon species.

Woodham Walter Common, forming a substantial part of the woodland in the Danbury area, comprises predominantly Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) standards. Other woody species include Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Midland Hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) and Alder Buckthorn (Frangula ainus). A diverse ground flora includes Greater Butterfly Orchid (Platanthera chlorantha), Broadleaved Helleborine (Epipactis helleborine), Smooth-stalked Sedge (Carex laevigata), Lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis) and Wood Spurge (Euphorbia amygdatoides).

W14 Bog Wood (1.0 ha) TL 829068

This small, possibly ancient wood is dominated by Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice. Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium) is of note amongst the ground flora.

W7 The Wilderness (3.9 ha) TL 812073

The Wilderness consists of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Beech (Fagus sylvatica), Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Sweet Chestnut (Castanea saliva) and Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) occur in the ground layer. Whitehouse Pit to the north has a very diverse flora and complex habitat structure which adds to the wildlife appeal of the site.

M1 Manor Road Complex (9.2 ha) TL 816080

This composite site of wood and grassland provides a variety of habitats for wildlife. The woodland lies on a once disturbed area and surrounds a lake, with species present including Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), Alder (Alnus glutinosa), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus). To the south of the wood is an area of grassland and ponds with a wet flush west of the main pond. Species of interest include Laday's Bedstraw (Galium verum), Harebell (Campanula rotundifolia) and Tormentil (Potentilla erecta).

G2 Maldon Special Roadside Verge (1500.0 metres) TL 813061 to TL 826064

Lesser Calamint (Calamintha nepeta) is present along this road verge.

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